with consideration of the diversity of AI systems so that: (a) the benefits of AI systems should increase through the sound progress of AI networking; and that (b) multiple developers’ efforts to control the risks should be coordinated well and operate effectively.

Principle of controllability

Developers should pay attention to the controllability of AI systems.

In order to assess the risks related to the controllability of AI systems, it is encouraged that developers make efforts to conduct verification and validation in advance.

In addition, in order to ensure the controllability of AI systems, it is encouraged that developers pay attention to whether the supervision (such as monitoring or warnings) and countermeasures (such as system shutdown, cut off from networks, or repairs) by humans or other trustworthy AI systems are effective, to the extent possible in light of the characteristics of the technologies to be adopted.

Verification and validation are methods for evaluating and controlling risks in advance.

● To make efforts to conduct verification and validation in advance in order to assess and control the risks related to the security of AI systems.