Issue: How can we assure that designers, manufacturers, owners, and operators of A IS are responsible and accountable?

To best address issues of responsibility and accountability:

Legislatures courts should clarify issues of responsibility, culpability, liability, and accountability for A IS where possible during development and deployment (so that manufacturers and users understand their rights and obligations).

Systems for registration and record keeping should be created so that it is always possible to find out who is legally responsible for a particular A IS.