Linking Artificial Intelligence Principles (LAIP)

9. Principle of accountability

Developers should make efforts to fulfill their accountability to stakeholders, including AI systems’ users. [Comment] Developers are expected to fulfill their accountability for AI systems they have developed to gain users’ trust in AI systems. Specifically, it is encouraged that developers make efforts to provide users with the information that can help their choice and utilization of AI systems. In addition, in order to improve the acceptance of AI systems by the society including users, it is also encouraged that, taking into account the R&D principles (1) to (8) set forth in the Guidelines, developers make efforts: (a) to provide users et al. with both information and explanations about the technical characteristics of the AI systems they have developed; and (b) to gain active involvement of stakeholders (such as their feedback) in such manners as to hear various views through dialogues with diverse stakeholders. Moreover, it is advisable that developers make efforts to share the information and cooperate with providers et al. who offer services with the AI systems they have developed on their own.

Principle: AI R&D Principles, Jul 28, 2017

Published by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), the Government of Japan

Related Principles

2. Transparency

For cognitive systems to fulfill their world changing potential, it is vital that people have confidence in their recommendations, judgments and uses. Therefore, the IBM company will make clear: When and for what purposes AI is being applied in the cognitive solutions we develop and deploy. The major sources of data and expertise that inform the insights of cognitive solutions, as well as the methods used to train those systems and solutions. The principle that clients own their own business models and intellectual property and that they can use AI and cognitive systems to enhance the advantages they have built, often through years of experience. We will work with our clients to protect their data and insights, and will encourage our clients, partners and industry colleagues to adopt similar practices.

Published by IBM in Principles for the Cognitive Era, Jan 17, 2017

Ensure “Interpretability” of AI systems

Principle: Decisions made by an AI agent should be possible to understand, especially if those decisions have implications for public safety, or result in discriminatory practices. Recommendations: Ensure Human Interpretability of Algorithmic Decisions: AI systems must be designed with the minimum requirement that the designer can account for an AI agent’s behaviors. Some systems with potentially severe implications for public safety should also have the functionality to provide information in the event of an accident. Empower Users: Providers of services that utilize AI need to incorporate the ability for the user to request and receive basic explanations as to why a decision was made.

Published by Internet Society, "Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Policy Paper" in Guiding Principles and Recommendations, Apr 18, 2017

1. Principle of collaboration

Developers should pay attention to the interconnectivity and interoperability of AI systems. [Comment] Developers should give consideration to the interconnectivity and interoperability between the AI systems that they have developed and other AI systems, etc. with consideration of the diversity of AI systems so that: (a) the benefits of AI systems should increase through the sound progress of AI networking; and that (b) multiple developers’ efforts to control the risks should be coordinated well and operate effectively. For this, developers should pay attention to the followings: • To make efforts to cooperate to share relevant information which is effective in ensuring interconnectivity and interoperability. • To make efforts to develop AI systems conforming to international standards, if any. • To make efforts to address the standardization of data formats and the openness of interfaces and protocols including application programming interface (API). • To pay attention to risks of unintended events as a result of the interconnection or interoperations between AI systems that they have developed and other AI systems, etc. • To make efforts to promote open and fair treatment of license agreements for and their conditions of intellectual property rights, such as standard essential patents, contributing to ensuring the interconnectivity and interoperability between AI systems and other AI systems, etc., while taking into consideration the balance between the protection and the utilization with respect to intellectual property related to the development of AI. [Note] The interoperability and interconnectivity in this context expects that AI systems which developers have developed can be connected to information and communication networks, thereby can operate with other AI systems, etc. in mutually and appropriately harmonized manners.

Published by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), the Government of Japan in AI R&D Principles, Jul 28, 2017

· 5. INTERESTS OF DEVELOPING AI TECHNOLOGIES ABOVE THE INTERESTS OF COMPETITION

5.1. Correctness of AIS comparisons. To maintain the fair competition and effective cooperation of developers, AI Actors should use the most reliable and comparable information about the capabilities of AISs in relation to a task and ensure the uniformity of the measurement methodologies. 5.2. Development of competencies. AI Actors are encouraged to follow practices adopted by the professional community, to maintain the proper level of professional competence necessary for safe and effective work with AIS and to promote the improvement of the professional competence of workers in the field of AI, including within the framework of programs and educational disciplines on AI ethics. 5.3. Collaboration of developers. AI Actors are encouraged to develop cooperation within the AI Actor community, particularly between developers, including by informing each other of the identification of critical vulnerabilities in order to prevent their wide distribution. They should also make efforts to improve the quality and availability of resources in the field of AIS development, including by increasing the availability of data (including labeled data), ensuring the compatibility of the developed AIS where applicable and creating conditions for the formation of a national school for the development of AI technologies that includes publicly available national repositories of libraries and network models, available national development tools, open national frameworks, etc. They are also encouraged to share information on the best practices in the development of AI technologies and organize and hold conferences, hackathons and public competitions, as well as high school and student Olympiads. They should increase the availability of knowledge and encourage the use of open knowledge databases, creating conditions for attracting investments in the development of AI technologies from Russian private investors, business angels, venture funds and private equity funds while stimulating scientific and educational activities in the field of AI by participating in the projects and activities of leading Russian research centers and educational organizations.

Published by AI Alliance Russia in Artificial Intelligence Code of Ethics, Oct 26, 2021

2. Stakeholder Engagement

In order to solve the challenges arising from use of AI while striving for better AI utilization, Sony will seriously consider the interests and concerns of various stakeholders including its customers and creators, and proactively advance a dialogue with related industries, organizations, academic communities and more. For this purpose, Sony will construct the appropriate channels for ensuring that the content and results of these discussions are provided to officers and employees, including researchers and developers, who are involved in the corresponding businesses, as well as for ensuring further engagement with its various stakeholders.

Published by Sony Group in Sony Group AI Ethics Guidelines, Sep 25, 2018