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制定政策

AI development policies and ethical norms to protect children's rights and interests should be studied and formulated. Research on the potential impact of AI on children should be strengthened, forward looking codes of conduct, laws and regulations, and technical specifications should be formulated, and long term follow up studies and periodic assessment mechanisms should be established. The healthy development of AI in the direction of protecting and promoting children's rights and interests should be encouraged and supported.

原则: 面向儿童的人工智能北京共识（Artificial Intelligence for Children: Beijing Principles）, Sep 14, 2020

作者：Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (BAAI), Peking University, Tsinghua University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with enterprises that focus on AI development.

相关原则

· Legal system improvement

Stakeholders of AI should consciously and strictly abide by the code of conduct, laws and regulations, and technical specifications related to children. AI legislations should pay attention to the impact of AI on children's rights and interests, and should make it clearly and effectively reflected in the legal system. Both governance institutions and strict review and accountability mechanisms should be established to severely punish individuals and groups that abuse AI to infringe upon children's rights and interests.

由 Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (BAAI), Peking University, Tsinghua University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with enterprises that focus on AI development. 在面向儿童的人工智能北京共识（Artificial Intelligence for Children: Beijing Principles）发表, Sep 14, 2020

· Fairness and inclusion

AI systems should make the same recommendations for everyone with similar characteristics or qualifications. Employers should be required to test AI in the workplace on a regular basis to ensure that the system is built for purpose and is not harmfully influenced by bias of any kind — gender, race, sexual orientation, age, religion, income, family status and so on. AI should adopt inclusive design efforts to anticipate any potential deployment issues that could unintentionally exclude people. Workplace AI should be tested to ensure that it does not discriminate against vulnerable individuals or communities. Governments should review the impact of workplace, governmental and social AI on the opportunities and rights of poor people, Indigenous peoples and vulnerable members of society. In particular, the impact of overlapping AI systems toward profiling and marginalization should be identified and countered.

由 Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Canada 在面向工作场所人工智能的G20框架（Toward a G20 Framework for Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace）发表, Jul 19, 2018

(c) Responsibility

The principle of responsibility must be fundamental to AI research and application. ‘Autonomous’ systems should only be developed and used in ways that serve the global social and environmental good, as determined by outcomes of deliberative democratic processes. This implies that they should be designed so that their effects align with a plurality of fundamental human values and rights. As the potential misuse of ‘autonomous’ technologies poses a major challenge, risk awareness and a precautionary approach are crucial. Applications of AI and robotics should not pose unacceptable risks of harm to human beings, and not compromise human freedom and autonomy by illegitimately and surreptitiously reducing options for and knowledge of citizens. They should be geared instead in their development and use towards augmenting access to knowledge and access to opportunities for individuals. Research, design and development of AI, robotics and ‘autonomous’ systems should be guided by an authentic concern for research ethics, social accountability of developers, and global academic cooperation to protect fundamental rights and values and aim at designing technologies that support these, and not detract from them.

由 European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies, European Commission 在伦理原则和民主先决条件（Ethical principles and democratic prerequisites）发表, Mar 9, 2018

6. Democracy

[QUESTIONS] How should AI research and its applications, at the institutional level, be controlled? In what areas would this be most pertinent? Who should decide, and according to which modalities, the norms and moral values determining this control? Who should establish ethical guidelines for self driving cars? Should ethical labeling that respects certain standards be developed for AI, websites and businesses? [PRINCIPLES] The development of AI should promote informed participation in public life, cooperation and democratic debate.

由 University of Montreal, Forum on the Socially Responsible Development of AI 在蒙特利尔人工智能负责任开发宣言（The Montreal Declaration for a Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence）发表, Nov 3, 2017

6. Shared Responsibility

AI developers, users and other related stakeholders should have a high sense of social responsibility and self discipline, and should strictly abide by laws, regulations, ethical principles, technical standards and social norms. AI accountability mechanisms should be established to clarify the responsibilities of researchers, developers, users, and relevant parties. Users of AI products and services and other stakeholders should be informed of the potential risks and impacts in advance. Using AI for illegal activities should be strictly prohibited.

由 National Governance Committee for the New Generation Artificial Intelligence, China 在新一代人工智能治理原则——发展负责任的人工智能（Governance Principles for the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Developing Responsible Artificial Intelligence）发表, Jun 17, 2019