智善 · 共济链接人工智能原则平台

一般要求（General requirements）

AI should be safe and reliable, and capable of safeguarding against cyberattacks and other unintended consequences

原则: “可用、可靠、可知、可控”：人工智能的伦理框架（"ARCC": An Ethical Framework for Artificial Intelligence）, Sep 18, 2018

作者：Tencent Research Institute

相关原则

3. Security and Safety

AI systems should be safe and sufficiently secure against malicious attacks. Safety refers to ensuring the safety of developers, deployers, and users of AI systems by conducting impact or risk assessments and ensuring that known risks have been identified and mitigated. A risk prevention approach should be adopted, and precautions should be put in place so that humans can intervene to prevent harm, or the system can safely disengage itself in the event an AI system makes unsafe decisions autonomous vehicles that cause injury to pedestrians are an illustration of this. Ensuring that AI systems are safe is essential to fostering public trust in AI. Safety of the public and the users of AI systems should be of utmost priority in the decision making process of AI systems and risks should be assessed and mitigated to the best extent possible. Before deploying AI systems, deployers should conduct risk assessments and relevant testing or certification and implement the appropriate level of human intervention to prevent harm when unsafe decisions take place. The risks, limitations, and safeguards of the use of AI should be made known to the user. For example, in AI enabled autonomous vehicles, developers and deployers should put in place mechanisms for the human driver to easily resume manual driving whenever they wish. Security refers to ensuring the cybersecurity of AI systems, which includes mechanisms against malicious attacks specific to AI such as data poisoning, model inversion, the tampering of datasets, byzantine attacks in federated learning5, as well as other attacks designed to reverse engineer personal data used to train the AI. Deployers of AI systems should work with developers to put in place technical security measures like robust authentication mechanisms and encryption. Just like any other software, deployers should also implement safeguards to protect AI systems against cyberattacks, data security attacks, and other digital security risks. These may include ensuring regular software updates to AI systems and proper access management for critical or sensitive systems. Deployers should also develop incident response plans to safeguard AI systems from the above attacks. It is also important for deployers to make a minimum list of security testing (e.g. vulnerability assessment and penetration testing) and other applicable security testing tools. Some other important considerations also include: a. Business continuity plan b. Disaster recovery plan c. Zero day attacks d. IoT devices

由 ASEAN 在东盟人工智能治理与道德指南发表, 2024

Reliability and safety

Throughout their lifecycle, AI systems should reliably operate in accordance with their intended purpose. This principle aims to ensure that AI systems reliably operate in accordance with their intended purpose throughout their lifecycle. This includes ensuring AI systems are reliable, accurate and reproducible as appropriate. AI systems should not pose unreasonable safety risks, and should adopt safety measures that are proportionate to the magnitude of potential risks. AI systems should be monitored and tested to ensure they continue to meet their intended purpose, and any identified problems should be addressed with ongoing risk management as appropriate. Responsibility should be clearly and appropriately identified, for ensuring that an AI system is robust and safe.

由 Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Australian Government 在人工智能伦理原则（AI Ethics Principles）发表, Nov 7, 2019

Second, the principle of security.

AI shall not harm human beings. AI systems must be secure, applicable and controllable. Personal privacy should be protected and data breach and abuse prevented. AI algorithms must be traceable and transparent and there should be no algorithm discrimination;

由 Center for International Strategy and Security, Tsinghua University (Tsinghua CISS) 在关于人工智能的六点原则发表, Jan 23, 2019

Safety and security

Safety and security risks should be identified, addressed and mitigated throughout the AI system lifecycle to prevent where possible, and or limit, any potential or actual harm to humans, the environment and ecosystems. Safe and secure AI systems should be enabled through robust frameworks.

由 United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination 在联合国系统内人工智能伦理使用原则发表, Sept 20, 2022

· Safety and security

27. Unwanted harms (safety risks), as well as vulnerabilities to attack (security risks) should be avoided and should be addressed, prevented and eliminated throughout the life cycle of AI systems to ensure human, environmental and ecosystem safety and security. Safe and secure AI will be enabled by the development of sustainable, privacy protective data access frameworks that foster better training and validation of AI models utilizing quality data.

由 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 在人工智能伦理问题建议书发表, Nov 24, 2021